What is in the air
EmissionsPulse
How much carbon dioxide is in the air, how much we add each year, and how much room is left.
Last updated —
Observation updated once a day
— ppm
CO₂ in the atmosphere
—
— ppm
Change over one year
Against the same month last year, so the seasonal swing is not mistaken for a trend.
— ppb
Methane in the atmosphere
Far less of it, and far more warming per molecule.
— %
Above 1958
From the first Mauna Loa reading to today.
The Keeling curve, 1958 to today
Hover over the chart
Annual mean CO₂ concentration at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Not an estimate and not a model: the same measurement, at the same place, for more than sixty years.
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The last ten years, month by month
The line rises and falls within each year, and that is the planet breathing: the forests of the northern hemisphere take carbon dioxide in through spring and summer, and give it back through autumn and winter. Every year, though, ends higher than the one before.
The annual account published 13 November 2025
— Gt CO₂
Total emissions
almost unchanged from 2024
— Gt CO₂
From fossil fuels
+1.1% · a new record
— Gt CO₂
From land use
Deforestation and land conversion.
Global CO₂ emissions by year
Hover over the chart
Fossil fuels and land use, in billions of tonnes. The two dips are 2009 and 2020 — a recession each time.
Where they come from
Each fuel's share of fossil emissions.
- Coal42%+0.8%
- Oil33%+1.0%
- Natural gas21%+1.3%
- Cement3.8%net 1.9%
Who emits them
Share of global fossil-fuel emissions.
- China32%+0.4%
- United States13%+1.9%
- India8%+1.4%
- European Union6%+0.4%
- Aviation and shipping3%+6.8%
- Rest of the world38%+1.1%
How long the carbon budgets last
Each dash is one year at today's rate. The years are not written down anywhere — they are worked out the moment you open the page, by subtracting what has already been emitted since the budget was struck.
These budgets are estimates carrying several years of uncertainty, and they assume the rate stays where it is. They are not deadlines; they are an order of magnitude.
Where the carbon ends up
Less than half of what we emit stays in the air. The oceans and the vegetation take the rest — and both pay for it.
Sources
-
CO₂ concentration and the Keeling curve
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, monthly Mauna Loa means. Fetched automatically, once a day.
gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends -
Methane concentration
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global monthly CH₄ means.
gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends_ch4 -
Annual emissions, shares and carbon budgets
Global Carbon Budget 2025, Friedlingstein et al., Earth System Science Data — release 13 November 2025
globalcarbonbudget.org
NOAA is not answering right now, so you are seeing the last reading that was stored. The annual figures are unaffected.